課堂|萬能拉力試驗機選購技巧(收藏)
眾(zhong)所周知(zhi),萬能拉試驗機可(ke)(ke)廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)金(jin)屬線材(cai)、橡塑、防水卷材(cai)、電線電纜、化纖紡織(zhi)等非(fei)金(jin)屬材(cai)料(liao)的力學性能,如拉伸、壓縮、彎曲(qu)、剪切、撕(si)裂、剝(bo)離等,也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過添加不同的測(ce)(ce)試輔(fu)助工具進行測(ce)(ce)試。此外(wai),測(ce)(ce)試空間(jian)可(ke)(ke)以擴大(增(zeng)加、拓寬)以用(yong)于(yu)測(ce)(ce)試更多的材(cai)料(liao)。
在(zai)萬能拉試驗機的(de)使(shi)(shi)用中,對用戶來(lai)說,了解一些專(zhuan)業術語的(de)使(shi)(shi)用對以后安全使(shi)(shi)用拉力機是非(fei)常重要的(de)。接(jie)下來(lai),我(wo)將簡單介紹給大家。
1、拉伸范(fan)圍:
根據試(shi)驗(yan)材料的(de)最(zui)大(da)載(zai)荷,選(xuan)擇試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)的(de)最(zui)大(da)載(zai)荷(即(ji)范(fan)圍)。建議材料的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)載(zai)荷為拉伸試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)量程(cheng)的(de)70%-90%左右,以保證試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)分辨率,延長試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)的(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)。這(zhe)臺機(ji)器(qi)越(yue)強大,就越(yue)貴(gui)。因此(ci),在選擇拉伸機(ji)時,并不是越(yue)大越(yue)好,而是要選擇適(shi)合貴(gui)公司(si)產(chan)品的(de)(de)功率范圍(wei)。如果(guo)您不知道(dao)您的(de)(de)產(chan)品需(xu)要多(duo)少強度,我(wo)們公司(si)的(de)(de)工程師可以幫(bang)助(zhu)您計(ji)算所需(xu)的(de)(de)功率,以便選擇適(shi)合您產(chan)品的(de)(de)萬能拉試(shi)驗(yan)機(ji)。
2、精度等級(ji):
一般的材料試驗,一級萬能拉試驗機就足夠了(le),不(bu)需(xu)要花更多(duo)的錢來提高精度。科研和材料分析需(xu)要0.5級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗機。事實(shi)上,0.5級(ji)(ji)和(he)1級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗機的(de)(de)技術差異(yi)并不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian),校準(zhun)的(de)(de)方法和(he)手段也基本相(xiang)同(tong),與校正點不(bu)同(tong)。隨著傳感器技術的(de)(de)發展,傳感器元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)線性度(du)達到(dao)(dao)了(le)很高的(de)(de)水平。只要(yao)測量(liang)電(dian)路(lu)無(wu)缺陷,抗干(gan)擾性能(neng)(neng)好,所有試(shi)驗機的(de)(de)精度(du)都能(neng)(neng)達到(dao)(dao)0.5級(ji)(ji),這是沒有問(wen)題的(de)(de)。對(dui)于已經遠遠超過0.5級(ji)(ji)限值的(de)(de)電(dian)測量(liang),需要(yao)討論國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)規定的(de)(de)相(xiang)對(dui)誤(wu)差。
3、測試(shi)速度(du):
市場上(shang)有(you)的設(she)備在50-500mmmin范圍內(nei),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在0.001-500mmmin范圍內(nei),前(qian)者(zhe)一般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)通(tong)梯形(xing)螺(luo)桿加調(diao)(diao)速(su)電機(ji)或(huo)變(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)系(xi)統(tong),成(cheng)(cheng)本低,磨損(sun)大。長(chang)(chang)期以(yi)來(lai),大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)會引起中(zhong)間連接(jie)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晃動,影響(xiang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)精(jing)度(du)(du)。另外,時間不(bu)長(chang)(chang),機(ji)器噪音大,容(rong)易(yi)壞。如果把(ba)這樣(yang)一臺拖拉機(ji)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉力機(ji)放在實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室里,肯定心(xin)情不(bu)好(hao)(hao),后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)也(ye)(ye)要(yao)花(hua)很多錢。所以(yi)為(wei)我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)考(kao)慮一下。后者(zhe)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)伺(si)服(fu)系(xi)統(tong)和滾珠絲杠,精(jing)度(du)(du)高,速(su)度(du)(du)穩定,磨損(sun)小,耐久性(xing)好(hao)(hao)。測試(shi)(shi)(shi)重復(fu)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)很好(hao)(hao)。本標(biao)準規(gui)定了(le)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)條件(jian)和材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)速(su)度(du)(du)不(bu)同時測得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力值不(bu)一樣(yang)。這種(zhong)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)器可(ke)以(yi)更有(you)信心(xin)地投入自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)廠(chang)。產品經過檢(jian)測后,他們心(xin)里會有(you)信心(xin),相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)也(ye)(ye)會賣(mai)得(de)更高,顧客也(ye)(ye)容(rong)易(yi)接(jie)受。那么,你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品就會成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)名牌產品。因(yin)(yin)此(ci),建議采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)伺(si)服(fu)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滾珠絲杠完全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)滿(man)足用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。當(dang)然(ran),測試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)多,功率(lv)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)大,可(ke)以(yi)選擇普(pu)通(tong)梯形(xing)螺(luo)桿加調(diao)(diao)速(su)電機(ji)或(huo)變(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)系(xi)統(tong)。該方法經濟實用(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)得(de)到理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)。為(wei)了(le)充分發揮(hui)電子萬能(neng)(neng)拉伸機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大性(xing)能(neng)(neng),操作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確操作(zuo)(zuo)和日常維(wei)護(hu)是必不(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)了(le)達到這兩點(dian),要(yao)求(qiu)操作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)對(dui)電子萬能(neng)(neng)拉伸機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)和性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有(you)基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解。操作(zuo)(zuo)前(qian)必須對(dui)每個(ge)操作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員進行培訓。
除(chu)此之(zhi)外,萬能(neng)拉(la)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)也(ye)非(fei)常重要。萬能(neng)拉(la)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)是一個控(kong)制(zhi)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian),控(kong)制(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)是一個人(ren)機(ji)(ji)交互軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian),因此,軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)設(she)計(ji)是必不可少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)環節。軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)設(she)計(ji)在(zai)(zai)滿(man)足試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)規定的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi),還需要遵(zun)循軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)一些基本原則。在(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)設(she)計(ji)功(gong)能(neng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),該軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)必須包含實時(shi)(shi)(shi)數據顯示面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)、實時(shi)(shi)(shi)曲(qu)線顯示面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)、手動試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)、自動試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)、系統參數設(she)置(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)等(deng)等(deng)。對于軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)開(kai)發,一般遵(zun)循界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)友(you)好、信息直觀呈現、符(fu)合試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)現場操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)使用習慣、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji)以及界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一致(zhi)性(xing)(xing)原則。其中,安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji)對于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)來說,尤為重要。該軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)直接控(kong)制(zhi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)對材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),如果軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)考(kao)慮不周全(quan)(quan),很可能(neng)會引(yin)發事(shi)故,影響人(ren)員(yuan)、設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji)主要考(kao)慮試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)參數設(she)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)合法性(xing)(xing)、軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)互鎖等(deng)。比(bi)如,在(zai)(zai)手動試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)式下,當(dang)操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)點擊了加載按鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi),必須禁能(neng)卸載按鍵(jian),只有當(dang)點擊中止(zhi)按鍵(jian),使得試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)動作(zuo)之(zhi)后,才可以使能(neng)卸載按鍵(jian),這(zhe)樣可以起到保護電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)給出蘇(su)州科(ke)準儀器有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)萬能(neng)拉(la)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)主界(jie)(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)
(1).測試前設置界面:主要用來供用戶(hu)選擇哪個測(ce)試標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試,同時顯示該標(biao)準(zhun)對應的材料信息,測(ce)試方法(fa)以及(ji)測(ce)試完成對應的測(ce)試結果。用戶(hu)在測(ce)試前,需要需用對應的標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試。也可點擊“修(xiu)改(gai)”按鈕,進入標準(zhun)(zhun)編(bian)輯界面,添加新的標準(zhun)(zhun)或者修(xiu)改(gai)目(mu)前標準(zhun)(zhun)。
(2).曲線顯示界面:用來顯示測試(shi)得到的各種曲線,比(bi)如力-變形,力-時(shi)間(jian),變形-時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)各種曲線(xian),也可(ke)對曲線(xian)做(zuo)放大(da)縮小等(deng)操作,力量-位移等(deng)曲線(xian)顯(xian)示:
(3).測試結果界面:顯(xian)示當前輸出的測試結(jie)果,如圖下圖所示。
打(da)印報表:打(da)印軟件(jian)自(zi)帶的簡易結果報表;
編(bian)輯報(bao)表:編(bian)輯軟件(jian)自(zi)帶的(de)簡易報(bao)表;
所有曲線到excel:輸(shu)出所有曲線到(dao)一個excel文(wen)檔中;
選中曲線到excel:輸出所選中曲線到一個(ge)excel文檔中;
移(yi)走選(xuan)中記(ji)錄:如果想(xiang)把測(ce)試結果中某條記(ji)錄去掉,可以先選(xuan)中該記(ji)錄,然(ran)后點擊此(ci)按鈕即可。注(zhu)意該按鈕只是(shi)把數據(ju)(ju)從(cong)測(ce)試結果中移(yi)除,并沒有(you)將(jiang)數據(ju)(ju)從(cong)測(ce)試數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)中刪除。
原(yuan)始數(shu)據Excel:將原(yuan)始數(shu)據輸(shu)出到Excel.注意:只有(you)在顯示單(dan)條曲線時,此功能(neng)才有(you)效。
查看歷(li)史(shi)記錄:
檔案數據庫界面主要有三(san)部分組成:
1. 所有(you)測試(shi)數(shu)據(ju)信(xin)息:顯示該檔案中(zhong)(zhong)保存的全部測試(shi)數(shu)據(ju)相關信(xin)息,便于客戶查詢(xun)和調取該檔案中(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)據(ju)。
2. 查詢測試數(shu)據:用戶(hu)可(ke)根據測試時間、次(ci)數(shu)、批次(ci)、材料、標(biao)準等查詢相應的測試數(shu)據,并可(ke)根據查詢結果輸出測試結果。
3. 當前(qian)結(jie)果(guo)測試信(xin)(xin)息:顯(xian)示的是(shi)當前(qian)輸出結(jie)果(guo)對(dui)應的測試信(xin)(xin)息。